Membangun Bot Telegram dengan Python: Panduan Lengkap dari Nol (python-telegram-bot)

mkdir telegram-bot && cd telegram-bot
python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate        # Windows: venv\Scripts\activate
pip install "python-telegram-bot[job-queue]"

from telegram import Update
from telegram.ext import (
    Application,
    CommandHandler,
    MessageHandler,
    filters,
    ContextTypes,
)

TOKEN = "GANTI_DENGAN_TOKEN_BOT_KAMU"


async def start(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE):
    # Menyambut pengguna saat mengetik /start
    await update.message.reply_text(
        "Halo! Aku bot BengkelKode. Kirim pesan apa saja, aku akan membalasnya."
    )


async def echo(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE):
    # Membalas pesan teks apa pun yang bukan command
    await update.message.reply_text(f"Kamu menulis: {update.message.text}")


def main():
    app = Application.builder().token(TOKEN).build()

    # Handler untuk command /start
    app.add_handler(CommandHandler("start", start))
    # Handler untuk pesan teks biasa (bukan command)
    app.add_handler(MessageHandler(filters.TEXT & ~filters.COMMAND, echo))

    print("Bot berjalan... tekan Ctrl+C untuk berhenti.")
    app.run_polling()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

from telegram import Update
from telegram.ext import (
    Application,
    CommandHandler,
    MessageHandler,
    filters,
    ContextTypes,
)

TOKEN = "GANTI_DENGAN_TOKEN_BOT_KAMU"


async def start(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE):
    await update.message.reply_text("Halo! Ketik /help untuk melihat daftar perintah.")


async def help_command(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE):
    await update.message.reply_text(
        "Perintah yang tersedia:\n"
        "/start - menyapa bot\n"
        "/help  - menampilkan bantuan ini\n"
        "/kode  - menampilkan contoh kode Python"
    )


async def kode(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE):
    contoh = "print('Halo, Dunia!')"
    await update.message.reply_text(f"<pre>{contoh}</pre>", parse_mode="HTML")


async def echo(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE):
    await update.message.reply_text(f"Kamu menulis: {update.message.text}")


def main():
    app = Application.builder().token(TOKEN).build()
    app.add_handler(CommandHandler("start", start))
    app.add_handler(CommandHandler("help", help_command))
    app.add_handler(CommandHandler("kode", kode))
    app.add_handler(MessageHandler(filters.TEXT & ~filters.COMMAND, echo))
    app.run_polling()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

from telegram import Update, InlineKeyboardButton, InlineKeyboardMarkup
from telegram.ext import Application, CommandHandler, CallbackQueryHandler, ContextTypes

TOKEN = "GANTI_DENGAN_TOKEN_BOT_KAMU"


async def menu(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE):
    keyboard = [
        [
            InlineKeyboardButton("Python", callback_data="python"),
            InlineKeyboardButton("JavaScript", callback_data="javascript"),
        ],
        [InlineKeyboardButton("Tutup", callback_data="tutup")],
    ]
    reply_markup = InlineKeyboardMarkup(keyboard)
    await update.message.reply_text(
        "Pilih topik yang ingin kamu pelajari:", reply_markup=reply_markup
    )


async def button(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE):
    query = update.callback_query
    await query.answer()  # wajib, supaya tombol tidak 'loading' terus

    if query.data == "tutup":
        await query.edit_message_text("Menu ditutup.")
    else:
        await query.edit_message_text(f"Kamu memilih topik: {query.data}")


def main():
    app = Application.builder().token(TOKEN).build()
    app.add_handler(CommandHandler("menu", menu))
    app.add_handler(CallbackQueryHandler(button))
    app.run_polling()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

import logging
from telegram import Update
from telegram.ext import Application, ContextTypes

logging.basicConfig(
    format="%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s",
    level=logging.INFO,
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

TOKEN = "GANTI_DENGAN_TOKEN_BOT_KAMU"


async def error_handler(update: object, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE):
    logger.error("Terjadi kesalahan saat memproses update:", exc_info=context.error)


def main():
    app = Application.builder().token(TOKEN).build()
    app.add_error_handler(error_handler)
    app.run_polling()

from contextlib import asynccontextmanager

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from telegram import Update
from telegram.ext import Application, CommandHandler, ContextTypes

TOKEN = "GANTI_DENGAN_TOKEN_BOT_KAMU"
WEBHOOK_URL = "https://contoh-kamu.com/webhook"

bot_app = Application.builder().token(TOKEN).build()


async def start(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE):
    await update.message.reply_text("Halo dari webhook!")


bot_app.add_handler(CommandHandler("start", start))


@asynccontextmanager
async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
    await bot_app.initialize()
    await bot_app.bot.set_webhook(WEBHOOK_URL)
    yield
    await bot_app.bot.delete_webhook()
    await bot_app.shutdown()


app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)


@app.post("/webhook")
async def webhook(request: Request):
    data = await request.json()
    update = Update.de_json(data, bot_app.bot)
    await bot_app.process_update(update)
    return {"status": "ok"}

pip install fastapi uvicorn
uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000